Vulvodynia (vulvar dysesthesia) refers to vulvar pain (burning, irritation and rawness) of the external female genitalia for more than 3 months without other dermatological or gynecological causes. The term primary vulvodynia should be reserved for vulvar vestibulitis and essential (dysesthetic) vulvodynia. Vulvar vestibulitis is characterized by dyspareunia, allodynia and vulvar erythema. Most patients are Caucasian, premenopausal and sexually active. The prevalence is estimated as high as 15%. Damage to the sympathetic nerves with an increased pain sensitivity is the likely explanation for the burning sensation. Psychological impairment, which is common in many patients, rather seems to be the consequence of the chronic disease than a primary condition. Essential vulvodynia is characterized by vulvar burning, which is characteristically not limited to the vestibulum. The patients are generally older and dyspareunia is less severe. The prevalence of essential vulvodynia is 1-3%. Various interdisciplinary approaches to these two rather frequent genital diseases are discussed.