The history of Christianity in Kyrgyzstan is both ancient and modern,traversing the witness of the Church of the East (sometimes referred to as the Nestorian Church), the Russian Orthodox Church, and Baptist,Pentecostal and Mennonite Churches (largely made up of ethnic Slavic groups, Germans and Koreans) as well as Roman Catholics and Seventh-day Adventists. The most recent development has been the re-emergence of expressions of Central Asian Christianity through the growing numbers of those identifying as Christians but who are from Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Uzbek and other indigenous communities, groups who are commonly understood to be Muslim. Unless otherwise specified, the terms ‘Kyrgyz’, ‘Kazakh’, and‘Uzbek’ refer to the ethnic groups who are identified by these terms, not the nationality or citizenship ascription, which may include members of all ethnic groups. In the latter case these would be identified as Kyrgyzstan or Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan nationals or citizens.