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Bosna Hersek`teki Osmanlı türbe mimarisi

Authors: Tokuz, Hatice;

Bosna Hersek`teki Osmanlı türbe mimarisi

Abstract

Bosnia and Herzegovina had been Ottoman land about 450 years, from its conquest in 1463 to 1908 when it was officially declared as Austrian-Hungarian territory. During this process, several works were generated in the areas of religion, civil, and military architecture. This thesis aims to reveal the typology and characteristics of the tomb architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In about 50 cities or towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a total of 125 tombs, ranging from the 15th century to the 20th century, that spread over a wide geographical area and time span and embody a number of styles together have been detected. In these tombs, that were categorized into polygon, çardak (baldachin), square-rectangular with respect to their plan types during the analyses, local techniques that pertain to local masons and local architectural elements and materials can be seen clearly as well as the classical Ottoman Architecture. Square-rectangular planned tombs that were built due to their historical or spiritual importance constitute the majority of the tombs examined, yet these structures have lost their architectural features partially or completely. The tombs that we became aware of thanks to written references are in the second group in terms of number. Most of the polygonal and baldachin planned tomb structures, that are not included in these two groups, were destroyed or severely damaged during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War. For this reason, it is of great importance to examine and evaluate all tombs, whether they have survived or not today, with a holistic perspective. All the tombs mentioned in our study have been examined in depth based on their inscriptions, histories, architectural features, ornamental features and current states.

Bosna Hersek, 1463 yılındaki fethinden, 1908 tarihinde resmi olarak Avusturya-Macaristan toprağı ilan edilene kadarki, yaklaşık 450 sene boyunca Osmanlı toprağı olmuştur. Bu süreç boyunca dini, sivil ve askeri mimari alanında pek çok eser verilmiştir. Bosna Hersek'teki Türbe Mimarisi konulu tez çalışması, bölgedeki türbe yapılarının tipolojisi ve özelliklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bosna Hersek'teki yaklaşık 50 şehir yahut kasabada, 15. yy'dan, 20. yy'a kadar olan süreçte, geniş bir coğrafya ve zaman dilimine yayılan ve pek çok üslubu bir arada barındıran 125 tane türbe yapısı tespit edilmiştir. Plan tipine göre çokgen planlı, çardak biçimli, kare-dikdörtgen planlı olmak üzere üç gruba ayırarak incelediğimiz bu türbelerde, Klasik Osmanlı mimari üslubuyla birlikte; yerel işçilik, malzeme ve teknik unsurlara da rastlanılmıştır. Bu türbelerin büyük çoğunluğunu, tarihi yahut manevi önemlerinden dolayı inşa edilmiş olan kare-dikdörtgen planlı türbeler oluşturmakta olup; bu yapılar, mimari özelliklerini kısmen yahut tamamen yitirmişlerdir. İkinci büyük çoğunluğu, yazılı kaynaklardan hareketle varlıklarından haberdar olduğumuz türbeler oluşturmaktadır. Bu iki grup dışında kalan çokgen planlı ve çardak biçimli türbe yapılarının pek çoğu ise 1992-1995 Bosna Savaşı sırasında yıkılmış yahut ağır derecede zarar görmüştür. Bu sebeple bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla, günümüzde mevcut olan yahut olmayan tüm türbelerin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Çalışmamızda bahsi geçen tüm türbeler; mevcut kaynaklardan hareketle ve geniş bir saha çalışmasına tabii tutularak; kitabe, tarihçe, mimari ve süsleme özellikleri ve mevcut durumları baz alınarak yerinde derinlemesine incelenmiştir.

422

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mimari, Osmanlı, Architecture, Ottoman, Graves, Türbeler, Mausoleums, Turkish-Islamic architecture, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Art History, Architectural characteristics, Ottoman art, Ornamentations, Sanat Tarihi, Ottoman architecture, Tombs, Ottoman Period

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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