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CONICET Digital
Article . 2013
License: CC BY NC SA
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El Cuaternario de las Guayanas

Authors: Iriondo, Martin Horacio;

El Cuaternario de las Guayanas

Abstract

Las Guayanas constituyen una unidad natural de primer orden en el continente sudamericano. Están formadas por tres países que comparten los mismos sistemas geológicos cuaternarios: El escudo y la planicie costera. El escudo forma un paisaje antiguo dominado por un paisaje de colinas redondeadas en su mayor parte y cerros relicto (“tepuys”) aislados; la cobertura cuaternaria es delgada e incluye campos de arena eólica de gran tamaño. La planicie costera está formada por depósitos continentales y litorales. En los períodos de bajo nivel del mar del Pleistoceno se acumularon sedimentos fluviales provenientes del escudo; durante las fases de altos niveles marinos (incluido el actual) se produce la deriva litoral de los sedimentos amazónicos hacia el norte y noroeste en forma de grandes bancos de barro y cheniers, los cuales acumulan fajas de materiales finos y medianos que se extienden desde la boca del Amazonas hasta el delta del río Orinoco. El paisaje de colinas redondeadas (tipo “media naranja”)está bien desarrollado en el área del lago Brokopondo (Surinam) y en Les Nourages (Guayana Francesa). Las colinas están separadas por valles planos con relleno holoceno, donde se han obtenido fechados de 3.000 a 1.500 años A.P. Todo ese paisaje está ubicado a menos de 2000 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar. La faja litoral más representada tiene edad holocena, y corresponde a la ingresión hypsithermal. En Surinam se la denomina formación Demerara, que se apoya y superpone parcialmente a la formación pleistocena Coropina, parcialmente erosionada por procesos costeros.

The Guayanas are a first-order natural unit of South America. Such a unit is composed of three countries (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana), covering circa 500,000 square kilometers in the north of the continent, located in equatorial and tropical regions of the North Hemisphere. Two major Quaternary systems form the Guayanas: The Littoral Plain and the polygenetic cover of the Proterozoic Guayana Shield. The shield constitutes about the 80 % of the total surface; it forms a landscape of convex round hills separated with narrow flat valleys which include Holocene sediments. Those sediments suggest a dry climate and were dated between 3,000 and 1,500 years B.P. Such a landscape is located at low altitudes (under 200 m.a.s.l.). Isolated relictual mountains, named “tepuys” in the neighboring Venezuela, compose les than 10 % of the territory. Typical areas of rounded hills are Brokopondo in Surinam and Les Nourages in the French Guiana. The Littoral Plain was constructed by sediments of local rivers during periods of low sea level and by the littoral drift of Amazonic muds and sand during high levels of the sea, which extend from the Amazon mouth until the Orinoco delta in Venezuela. The better preserved unit is the Demerara Formation, mid-Holocene in age. Demerara Fm overlies the Pleistocene Coropina Fm, sedimented under dry climatic conditions.

Fil: Iriondo, Martin Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Guayanas, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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