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Pirólise de resíduos de borracha de pneus para gerar óleos combustíveis

Authors: Ávila, Isaac Saúl Torres;

Pirólise de resíduos de borracha de pneus para gerar óleos combustíveis

Abstract

O presente trabalho consiste na exploração e obtenção de informação associada a experiências laboratoriais de pirólise de resíduos de pneus, como processo de valorização energética. O processo de pirólise permite obter diferentes produtos (sólidos, líquidos e gasosos), pelo que ao longo deste trabalho é possível apresentar diferentes propostas de possíveis aplicabilidades para os respetivos produtos. Neste estudo foram selecionados dois tipos de resíduos de pneus: de bicicleta e carro, estudando assim, o rendimento dos produtos obtidos através do processo de pirólise. Foi utilizado um reator de leito fixo à escala laboratorial, introduzindo uma massa máxima de amostra correspondente a 15 g. Para averiguar a influência das temperaturas pico e taxas de aquecimento, foram selecionadas as seguintes condições operatórias: três temperaturas de pico, nomeadamente 350, 450 e 550 ºC e duas taxas de aquecimento, 10 e 30 ºC/min. Em termos dos resultados obtidos, obteve-se um rendimento em óleo variando entre 55,1 e 67,6% m/m bs, um rendimento em sólido (char) entre 26,6 e 39,0% m/m bs, e um rendimento em gás de entre 5,6 e 7,9% m/m bs, verificando rendimentos de óleo e gás superiores no caso dos resíduos de pneu de bicicleta. Na análise imediata da borracha, foi observado um teor de carbono fixo e de matéria volátil superior, correspondente à borracha de bicicleta. Seguidamente, na análise do carbonizado, verificou-se de igual modo, um teor de carbono fixo e de matéria volátil superior, correspondente ao pneu de bicicleta. Relativamente à recolha de gases não condensáveis, observaram-se concentrações significativas de hidrogénio, metano e dióxido de carbono, em ambos os pneus, atingindo valores máximos de 26,46% v/v, 30,08% v/v e 36,24% v/v, respetivamente. De seguida, foi efetuado o cálculo do poder calorífico inferior do gás proveniente da pirólise de cada condição operatória, obtendo-se assim valores de PCI variando entre 18,82 e 35,41 MJ/kg. No caso do poder calorífico superior da borracha, verificou-se valores entre 17,78 e 20,06 MJ/kg, não havendo uma diferença significativa entre os dois pneus. Observando o PCS do carbonizado, registou-se valores entre 20,47 e 31,33 MJ/kg, em que é percetível uma diferença significativa entre as tipologias de pneu.

The present work consists in the exploration and obtaining of information associated with laboratory experiments of pyrolysis of tire residues, as an energy recovery process. The pyrolysis process allows obtaining different products (solid, liquid and gaseous), so throughout this work it is possible to present different proposals of possible applicability for the respective products. In this study, two types of tire residues were selected: bicycle and car, thus studying the yield of the products obtained through the pyrolysis process. A laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor was used, introducing a maximum sample mass corresponding to 15 g. To verify the influence of peak temperatures and heating rates, the following operating conditions were selected: three peak temperatures, namely 350, 450 and 550 ºC and two heating rates, 10 and 30 ºC/min. In terms of the results obtained, an oil yield ranging between 55.1 and 67.6% m/m bs, a solid yield (char) between 26.6 and 39.0% m/m bs was obtained, and a gas yield of between 5.6 and 7.9% m/m bs, verifying higher oil and gas yields in the case of bicycle tire waste. In the immediate analysis of the rubber, a fixed carbon content and higher volatile matter corresponding to bicycle rubber were observed. Then, in the analysis of the charred, there was also a fixed carbon content and higher volatile matter, corresponding to the bicycle tyre. For the collection of non-condensable gases, significant concentrations of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide were observed in both tyres, reaching maximum values of 26.46% v/v, 30.08% v/v and 36.24% v/v, respectively. Then, the lower calorific value of the gas from the pyrolysis of each operative condition was performed, thus obtaining ICP values ranging from 18.82 to 35.41 MJ/kg. In the case of the superior calorific value of the rubber, there were values between 17.78 and 20.06 MJ/kg, with no significant difference between the two tires. Observing the PCS of carbonized, there were values between 20.47 and 31.33 MJ/kg, in which a significant difference is noticeable between tire typologies.

Trabalho desenvolvido e enquadrado na sequência do projeto “ROBUST–Economia Circular Aplicada à Borracha de Pneus: Valorização Material, Química e Energética”

Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pneus, Pirólise, Valorização energética, Borracha

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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