
handle: 10614/10382
Residential solid waste is mainly disposed in sanitary landfills that do not allow the potential of its biodegradable fraction to be exploited, or a technological alternatives of treatment is selected without a prior in-depth analysis. This happens because defining the right treatment for a specific context is a complex process. So in this project the technological alternatives of treatment and final disposal of residential bio-waste is evaluated according to the technical criteria established in the framework of a technology selection process in the context of Colombians large urban centers. For this, technical criteria reported in different technologies selection methodologies were identified and reviewed with which, the criteria proposed in phases prior to this project were validated, from which 6 criteria were chosen that allow to evaluate differentiating characteristics of technological alternatives. Based on the review and analysis of technical and scientific literature, the commonly used technological alternatives for composting, anaerobic digestion and landfill were characterized. Based on the result of the characterization, the technological alternatives were classified according to each chosen criterion with their respective defined scale of measurement. This serves as a basis to complement the methodology developed in the doctoral thesis in which this project is framed, and makes it easier for the decision maker of a specific project to use it from a more objective technical point of view. According to the obtained results, it was evidenced that the closed composting with forced aeration, the composting in tunnel reactor, the dry, batch, mesophilic and multistage anaerobic digestion, and the bioreactor sanitary landfill are the technological alternatives that present the highest score for the most of the criteria used for its evaluation. However, it would be necessary to complete the other steps established in the methodology developed in the doctoral thesis in which this project is framed to confirm its applicability in the context of the Colombian large urban centers.
Los residuos sólidos residenciales son principalmente dispuestos en rellenos sanitarios que no permiten explotar el potencial que tiene su fracción biodegradable, o se selecciona una alternativa tecnológica (AT) de tratamiento sin un previo análisis profundo. Eso sucede debido a que definir el tratamiento adecuado para un contexto específico es un proceso complejo. Por lo que en este proyecto se evalúan las AT de tratamiento y disposición final (TyDF) de biorresiduos de origen residencial (BOR) en función de los criterios técnicos establecidos en el marco de un proceso de selección de tecnología en el contexto de grandes centros urbanos (GCU) colombianos. Para esto se identificaron y revisaron criterios técnicos reportados en diferentes metodologías de selección de tecnologías, con ellos se validaron los criterios planteados en fases anteriores al presente proyecto, de ellos se eligieron 6 criterios que permiten evaluar características diferenciadoras de AT. Con base en la revisión y análisis de literatura técnica y científica, se caracterizaron las AT comúnmente utilizadas de compostaje, digestión anaerobia (DA) y relleno sanitario. A partir del resultado de la caracterización, se calificaron las AT en función de cada criterio elegido con su respectiva escala de medida definida. Lo cual sirve de base para complementar la metodología desarrollada en la tesis doctoral en que se enmarca este proyecto, y facilita que el tomador de decisiones de un proyecto específico pueda usarla desde un punto de vista técnico más objetivo. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se evidenció que el compostaje cerrado con aireación forzada, el compostaje en reactor tipo túnel, la DA seca, batch, mesofílica y multietapa, y el relleno sanitario tipo biorreactor son las AT que presentan la mayor puntuación para la mayoría de los criterios usados para su evaluación. No obstante, sería necesario completar los demás pasos establecidos en la metodología desarrollada en la tesis doctoral en que se enmarca este proyecto para confirmar su aplicabilidad en el contexto de los GCU colombianos
Proyecto de grado (Ingeniero Ambiental)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2018
Ingeniero(a) Ambiental
Pregrado
Residuos urbanos, Ingeniería Ambiental, Basuras y aprovechamiento de basuras, Residuos sólidos, Alternativas tecnológicas
Residuos urbanos, Ingeniería Ambiental, Basuras y aprovechamiento de basuras, Residuos sólidos, Alternativas tecnológicas
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