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Autogeneración fotovoltaica para el sector agropecuario

Authors: Cera Barranco, Rafael Eduardo; Álvarez Osbon, Miguel Ángel;

Autogeneración fotovoltaica para el sector agropecuario

Abstract

Por muchos años la región caribe se ha visto afectada por la mala calidad del servicio eléctrico prestada por el operador de red. Según el índice FES (Frecuencia equivalente de las interrupciones del servicio), la empresa distribuidora del servicio eléctrico en toda la región caribe presentó un promedio de 104.8 veces en las que se interrumpió el servicio de energía eléctrica en el año, además, en el índice DES (Duración equivalente de las interrupciones del servicio), las horas acumuladas de interrupciones al año por usuarios fue de 108.2, perjudicando a sectores como el agropecuario, en el cual se ven afectadas tanto sus actividades económicas como sus actividades comerciales. Con el propósito de encontrar una solución a esta problemática, se diseñó una alternativa de autogeneración fotovoltaica que permita suplir toda la demanda requerida por una finca perteneciente a este sector. Para lo cual se optó por diseñar un sistema fotovoltaico off – grid (Desconectado de la red), debido a aspectos como la fiabilidad del sistema, su costo y disposición de la energía en momentos de baja irradiación solar. El diseño del sistema se realizó teniendo en cuanta la norma NTC 2050, la cual, establece los requisitos técnicos exigibles para la instalación de sistemas fotovoltaicos. El sistema diseñado está compuesto por un conjunto de 6 paneles solares (3 en serie y 2 en paralelo), 8 baterías (4 en serie y 2 en paralelo), 1 inversor y un sistema de control MPPT. Se evidenció la viable del proyecto, ya que el VPN es positivo, además, la tasa de mínima de inversión nos dice que a los 10 años está cumpliendo su expectativa de rentabilidad. En conclusión, el sistema fotovoltaico diseñado logra suplir la demanda requerida por la finca, además, el análisis financiero permite determinar la viabilidad económica del proyecto, por lo cual se puede determinar que este tipo de sistema representa una muy buena alternativa de autogeneración para el sector agropecuario.

For many years the Caribbean region has been affected by the poor quality of electricity service provided by the network operator. According to the FES index (Equivalent Frequency of Service Interruptions), the electric service distribution company in the entire Caribbean region presented an average of 104.8 times in which electric service was interrupted during the year. In addition, in the DES index (Equivalent Duration of Service Interruptions), the accumulated hours of interruptions per year by users was 108.2, harming sectors such as agriculture, in which both their economic and commercial activities are affected. In order to find a solution to this problem, a photovoltaic self-generation alternative was designed to supply all the demand required by a farm belonging to this sector. To this end, we chose to design an off-grid photovoltaic system, due to aspects such as the reliability of the system, its cost and the availability of energy in times of low solar radiation. The design of the system was carried out taking into account the NTC 2050 standard, which establishes the technical requirements for the installation of photovoltaic systems. The designed system is composed of a set of 6 solar panels (3 in series and 2 in parallel), 8 batteries (4 in series and 2 in parallel), 1 inverter and a MPPT control system. The viability of the project was evidenced, since the VPN is positive, in addition, the rate of minimum investment tells us that after 10 years is meeting its expectation of profitability. In conclusion, the designed photovoltaic system is able to supply the demand required by the farm. In addition, the financial analysis allows to determine the economic viability of the project, so it can be determined that this type of system represents a very good alternative for self-generation for the agricultural sector.

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Generación, Generation, Carga, Solar, load, Photovoltaic, Fotovoltaico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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