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La terminologia catalana del joc dels escacs a través de les llengües, els temps i les cultures

Authors: Bataller Català, Alexandre;

La terminologia catalana del joc dels escacs a través de les llengües, els temps i les cultures

Abstract

The chess as a game, created as a military game which represents a warrior combat, will be a metaphor for the feudal and medieval society when introduce in Europe, from India to Persia without forgetting the Arabic world. The abundance of technical treatises on chess and literary works in which is questioned the moralizing of the society from chess, or the relation between chess and the loving combat, is an evidence of the success of the chess in the medieval West. In this context, and in relation to the Catalan language, it will be analysed the origin and the historic meaning of each chessmen (of the board and the name of some movements), from its medieval origins to nowadays. It’s a sign of the progressive adaptation of chess to some different sociocultural contexts in which chess is played, as well as the semantic and formal changes: the King (with the concepts of "check" and "checkmate"), the Queen (the swise man or counsellor will be feminized in the word lady), the Bishop (the elephant in the transformation of Indian game in Bishop and Fool), the Horse (turned into the Knight), the Tower (the Rook or "tank" will be "castle" or "fortress”) and Pawn (the Foot-Soldier or the Peasant).

El joc dels escacs, nascut com a joc militar que representa un combat guerrer, esdevindrà una metàfora de la societat feudal medieval en ser introduït a Europa, des de l’Índia fins a Pèrsia, passant pel món àrab. La profussió de tractats tècnics d’escacs i d’obres literàries que plantegen la moralització de la societat a partir del joc dels escacs o la seua vinculació amb el combat amorós són una mostra de l’enorme èxit del joc en l’occident medieval. Des d’aquest context, i en relació a la llengua catalana, s’hi analitza l’origen i significació històrica de cada peça (del tauler i del nom d’alguna jugada puntual) del joc dels escacs, des dels seus orígens medievals fins l’actualitat, una mostra de la progressiva adaptació del joc als diferents contextos socioculturals en què el joc s’instal•la, amb els corresponents canvis semàntics i formals: el rei (i la relació amb els conceptes d’”escac” i ”escac i mat”), la reina (el ministre que es feminitzarà en dama), l’alfil (de l’elefant del joc indi a la transformació en bisbe i en foll), el cavall (convertit en cavaller), la torre (de “roc” o “carro de combat” passarà a ser “torre” o “fortalesa”) i el peó (dit també “poble”).

Keywords

catalan, arabic, chess, latin, names of chessmen

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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