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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Master thesis . 2013
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Jõevähi (Astacus astacus) seisundi muutused suuremates Lõuna-Eesti järvedes

Changes in noble crayfish populations in larger Southern Estonian lakes
Authors: Maasikpalu, Kadri;

Jõevähi (Astacus astacus) seisundi muutused suuremates Lõuna-Eesti järvedes

Abstract

Crayfish are important species in ecologiacally and economically. The goal of this master’s thesis is to give an overview of the abundance changes in the populations of nobel crayfish in large Southern Estonian lakes. The results have been derived from trial fishing that was conducted in the context of noble fish studies. Populations in Nõuni and Pangodi lakes have been disserted more thoroughly. There are a total of 29 larger (sized over 50 hectares) lakes in Tartu, Võru, Viljandi, Põlva and Valga Counties. According to the latest reports 16 of these lakes have noble crayfish populations. The populations are high in four, moderate in three and low in nine lakes. The current state of noble crayfish stocks in larger Southern Estonian lakes has degraded compared to the 1950’s and 60’s. The number of lakes that have crayfish populations has decreased from 21 to 16. Pangodi, Lõõdla, Ruhijärv, Mäeküla, Õisu and Pulli lakes were considered to have high populations, these days only Pangodi, Saadjärv, Jõksi and Nõuni lakes are. During the last 17 years noble crayfish populations have increased and decreased but the situation can ultimately be considered stable. Correlations between lake types and noble crayfish populations were not noted because noble crayfish has been found in different kinds of lakes. Most crayfish stocks were found in hard-water eutrophic lakes. The noble crayfish stocks in Nõuni lake was destroyed by crayfish plague but is now recovering thanks to reintroduction efforts. Over the past years the population there has grown and extended to several parts of the lake. Current state of the crayfish populations in Nõuni lake allows recreational fishing. It is also a good example of a successful reintroduction. The noble crayfish populations in Pangodi lake has increased significantly over the past years without any reintroduction efforts. Reasons for this positive change are unknown. Pangodi lake is one of Estonia’s most important crayfish lakes and very popular among recreational fishers.The most dangerous hazard to noble crayfish is the crayfish plague which causes extensive mortality in crayfish populations. Besides the crayfish plague event in Nõuni lake there have been no reports of extensive death among crayfish in the larger Southern Estonian lakes for the past 17 years. Burn spot disease and porcelain disease have been observed in some lakes but these have not affected crayfish populations significantly. Efficient methods must be utilized to protect this ecologically and economically important species. Avoiding crayfish plague and spreading of invasive species must take top priority. Recreational fishing of appropriately sized crayfish does not impose a hazard to the wellbeing of the species. Positive and negative factors for the noble crayfish species spreading and population changes are not clear and require further study.

Jõevähk on oluline liik nii loodukaitseliselt kui ka majanduslikult. Magistritöö eesmärgiks oli anda ülevaade jõevähi arvukuse muutustest Lõuna-Eesti suuremates järvedes. Tulemused põhinevad katsepüügi andmetel, mis on saadud jõevähi uuringute raames. Põhjalikumalt käsitleti Nõuni ja Pangodi järve vähivaru seisundit. Tartu, Võru, Viljandi, Põlva ja Valga maakonnas on kokku 29 järve pindalaga üle 50 ha. Viimastel andmetel esineb neist jõevähki 16 järves. Vähi arvukus on kõrge neljas, keskmine kolmes ja madal üheksas järves. Jõevähi praegune seisund suuremates Lõuna-Eesti järvedes on halvenenud võrreldes 1950.-60. aastatega. Veekogude arv, kus vähk esines eelmise sajandi keskel on langenud 21-lt 16-ni. Varem oli hinnatud vähi arvukus kõrgeks Pangodi, Lõõdla, Ruhi-, Mäeküla, Õisu ja Pulli järves, viimasel ajal aga vaid Pangodi, Saad-, Jõksi ja Nõuni järves. Viimase 17 a. jooksul on järvedes olnud nii vähivaru kasvamist kui kahanemist, kuid üldiselt saab seisundit lugeda stabiilseks. Jõevähi leviku ja järvetüübi vahel kindel seos puudub, sest vähki leidub erinevat tüüpi järvedes. Kõige rohkem leidus jõevähki kalgiveelistes eutroofsetes järvedes. Nõuni järves, kus vähikatk jõevähi asurkonna hävitas, on asustamise tulemusena vähivaru taastumas. Aastate jooksul on vähi arvukus kasvanud ning levik üle järve laienenud. Praegune seisund võimaldab tegeleda järves harrastuspüügiga. Tegemist on väga hea näitega jõevähi õnnestunud asustamisest. Pangodi järves on viimastel aastatel jõevähi arvukus hüppeliselt kasvanud ning seda ilma vähkide asustamiseta. Positiivse muutuse põhjused ei ole teada. Pangodi järv kuulub Eesti tähtsaimate vähiveekogude hulka, mis on populaarne harrastuspüüdjate seas. Kõige ohtlikum vähihaigus on vähikatk, mis põhjustab jõevähi massilist suremist. Peale Nõuni järve juhtumit, ei ole käsitletud järvedes teateid vähistiku järsust kadumisest viimase 17 a. jooksul. Mitmes järves esines vähkidel lapihaigust ja portselanhaigust, kuid nende mõju vähi arvukusele ei olnud tuntav. Jõevähi kui ökoloogiliselt, looduskaitseliselt ja majanduslikult tähtsa liigi seisundi kaitseks tuleb rakendada tõhusaid meetmeid. Esmatähtis on vältida vähikatku ja võõrliikide levimist veekogudes. Mõõduliste vähkide väljapüük harrastuspüügi korras ei ohusta liigi seisundit. Vähi levikut ja arvukust piiravad või soodustavad faktorid ei ole selged ning vajavad edasist uurimist.

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Estonia
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Keywords

jõevähk, loomahaigused, Pangodi järv, levik (biol.), magistritööd, Nõuni järv, arvukus, vähipüük, järved, Lõuna-Eesti, vähikatk

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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