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Aneurisma da veia de Galeno

Authors: Rei, Margarida Vieira Matos;

Aneurisma da veia de Galeno

Abstract

O Aneurisma da Veia de Galeno (AVG) é uma malformação arteriovenosa congénita com uma incidência estimada de 1:10 000 a 1:25 000 nascimentos. A persistência da veia mediana prosencefálica de Markowski (VMPM), precursora embrionária da veia de Galeno (VG), interfere na maturação do sistema venoso cerebral e impede a formação da VG, resultando no AVG. Localizada nas cisternas quadrigémea e do velum interpositum, a malformação arteriovenosa recebe aferências bilaterais das arteriais coroideias posteriores e anteriores, pericalosas e tálamoperfurantes. A drenagem venosa ocorre para a VMPM e, por sua vez, para o seio sagital superior, através do seio falcial, que, numa situação normal, deveria regredir para formar o seio reto. De acordo com a classificação de Lasjaunias, distinguem-se dois tipos de AVG: o coroideu e o mural. O primeiro manifesta-se no período neonatal com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) de alto débito, enquanto o segundo é mais frequente na infância, quando surgem convulsões, macrocefalia e atraso do desenvolvimento psicomotor. A maioria dos casos são detetados no período neonatal, embora, com os avanços imagiológicos, seja possível estabelecer um diagnóstico pré-natal por ecografia obstétrica. De notar que, quanto mais cedo surgirem as manifestações clínicas, pior será o prognóstico. Dada a complexidade e elevada morbi-mortalidade associadas, é fundamental a referenciação precoce de crianças com o diagnóstico de AVG para centros especializados e capazes de lidar com este tipo de lesões. O tratamento de eleição é a embolização endovascular transarterial que deve seguir uma abordagem faseada e iniciar-se, idealmente, entre os 5 e 6 meses de idade.

Vein of Galen Aneurysm (AVG) is a congenital arteriovenous malformation that has an estimated incidence of 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 25 000 births. As the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski (VMPM), an embryonic percursor of the mature vein of Galen (VG), does not undergo its normal regression, the development of the VG does not occur. Located in the quadrigeminal plate cistern and the cistern of the velum interpositum, this arteriovenous malformation has supply from anterior and posterior choroidal, pericallosal and thalamoperforating arteries. Direct arterial feeders drain into the enlarged VMPM. In turn, a persistent falcine sinus drains blood from the VMPM into the superior sagittal sinus, which fails to regress and causes the straight sinus to be absent. According to Lasjaunias classification, there are two types of vein of Galen aneurysms: choroidal and mural. Whereas patients with the choroidal type usually present with high output heart failure within the first days of life, the mural type manifests later in infancy or even in childhood with seizures, macrocrania and psychomotor maldevelopment. Most patients with AVG are diagnosed in the neonatal period. However, due to the advancements in ultrassound techonology, it can be detected during pregnancy. The prognosis depends upon the time of presentation. These patients should be referred to centers capable of carrying out interventional procedures. Staged endovascular embolization using a transarterial approach is the therapy of choice, and it should start at 5-6 months of age.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pediatria, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Insuficiência cardíaca, Embolização, Aneurisma da veia de Galeno, Recém-nascido, Hidrocefalia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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