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Mudanças em psicoterapia: Personalidade, mecanismos de defesa e sintomas

Authors: Malheiro, Carolina Albergaria;

Mudanças em psicoterapia: Personalidade, mecanismos de defesa e sintomas

Abstract

A presente revisão de literatura pretende dar uma visão do que de mais relevante se tem vindo a investigar e publicar no âmbito do estudo sobre mudanças dos sintomas versus mudanças na estrutura na sequência de um processo psicoterapêutico. Neste contexto apresentam-se algumas reflexões de vários autores, cuja contribuição foi fundamental para este tema. De seguida apresentam-se alguns estudos onde se utilizaram vários instrumentos com o objetivo de se avaliar a eficácia do tratamento e perceber quando e como mudam os parâmetros avaliados. Dos vários estudos apresentados, concluiu-se que a mudança sintomática começa a acontecer, com alguma evidência, desde o início da psicoterapia, enquanto as mudanças estruturais, nomeadamente ao nível dos traços característicos da personalidade e dos mecanismos de defesa, ocorrem de uma forma muito mais lenta e subtil, sendo pouco provável a sua constatação antes do primeiro ano de tratamento. Da análise destes estudos ficou também bem patente a importância da aplicação de instrumentos de avaliação, não só com vista a uma melhor compreensão do processo de mudança, mas, principalmente para um melhor planeamento e condução da psicoterapia. ------ ABSTRACT ------ The aim of this literature review is to give an overview of the most relevant published research about changes in symptoms versus structural changes as a result of a psychotherapeutic process. In this context, some considerations and opinions of several authors are presented, whose contribution to this subject was fundamental. Then, some studies are described, where the authors used several assessment tools with the goal of evaluate treatment efficacy and to understand when and how did the evaluated parameters changed. Based on the presented studies, it’s possible to conclude that symptomatic change begins to occur, with some evidence, from the beginning of the psychotherapy, while structural changes, particularly in what concerns characteristic personality traits and defense mechanisms, occur in a much more slow and subtle way, being unlikely to see those changes before the end of the first year of treatment. Analyzing these studies, it is also evident the importance of the application of assessment tools, not only in order to a better understanding of the change process, but mainly, for a better planning and conduction of the psychotherapy.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Psychotherapy, Psicoterapia, Personalidade, Symptoms, Sintomas, Defense mechanisms, Mecanismos de defesa, Change, Mudança, Personality

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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