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Doctoral thesis . 2024
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Doctoral thesis . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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The role of starbursts in galaxy evolution

Authors: Arroyo Polonio, Antonio;

The role of starbursts in galaxy evolution

Abstract

[ES] Las Galaxias con Líneas de Emisión Extrema (EELGs, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracterizan por tener intensos brotes de formación estelar reciente, donde abundan estrellas muy masivas; estas emiten una radiación electromagnética capaz de ionizar el medio interestelar que las rodea. El gas ionizado reemite la radiación en forma de líneas de emisión, que son características en los espectros de estas galaxias. Las EELGs suelen exhibir baja masa, apariencia compacta, baja metalicidad y altas tasas de formación estelar (SFR) en comparación con galaxias de otros tipos. Son más comunes en altos desplazamientos al rojo y juegan un papel clave en la reionización del Universo. La primera parte de este trabajo se ha centrado en la búsqueda de EELGs utilizando datos del proyecto J-PAS. Por su diseño instrumental, este proyecto es ideal para detectar líneas de emisión en varios objetos astronómicos. Hasta la fecha, J-PAS ha completado dos estudios piloto, miniJPAS y J-NEP, que cubren 1 y 0.25 grados cuadrados respectivamente. Estos son una preparación para el estudio final, que cubrirá 8500 grados cuadrados del cielo. Nuestra búsqueda de EELGs en los campos de miniJPAS y J-NEP arrojó un total de 19 candidatos a EELG, lo que nos permitió estimar la densidad espacial de estos objetos en función del desplazamiento al rojo hasta z = 1.4. En la segunda parte de este trabajo se estudió la distribución espacial de las propiedades del gas ionizado en una subcategoría de EELGs llamadas galaxias Green Pea (GPs). Se analizó una muestra de 24 galaxias GP observadas con el Explorador Espectroscópico Multi- Unidad (MUSE) en el Very Large Telescope (VLT). Las observaciones muestran que la mayor parte del brillo de la galaxia está dominado por la emisión central de la región de formación estelar, con gas ionizado extendiéndose varios kpc más allá del centro galáctico. El estudio incluye información detallada sobre la distribución espacial de la estructura de ionización y la cinemática, proporcionando pistas sobre posibles canales a través de los cuales los fotones de alta energía podrían escapar al medio intergaláctico. Por último, se estudió la cinemática del gas ionizado en la galaxia IZw18 utilizando el instrumento MEGARA en el Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). IZw18, es una EELG conocida por su extremadamente baja metalicidad e intensa formación estelar. Las observaciones, basadas en el análisis de la linea Hα, revelaron unas características cinemáticas mucho más complejas de las que se habían visto en esta galaxia hasta la fecha. Destaca la presencia de una componente muy ancha, además de perfiles estrechos con una alta complejidad y variación espacial. La interpretación física de estos resultados no es trivial, pudiendo corresponderse con una intrincada interacción entre fuerzas gravitacionales, mecanismos de retroalimentación estelar y gradientes de densidad en la línea de visión.

[EN] EELGs are characterized by intense recent star formation bursts, where very massive stars are present, emitting powerful electromagnetic radiation that ionizes the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). The ionized gas re-emits the radiation in the form of emission lines, characteristic of the spectra of these galaxies. EELGs typically exhibit low mass, compact appearance, low metallicity, and high SFRs compared to other types of galaxies. They are more common at high redshifts and play a key role in the reionization of the Universe. The first part of this work consists in searching for EELGs by using data from the J-PAS project. Due to its instrumental design, this project is ideal for detecting emission lines in various astronomical objects. To date, J-PAS has completed two pilot surveys, miniJPAS and J-NEP, covering 1 and 0.25 square degrees, respectively. These pilot surveys serve as a preparation for the final survey, which will cover 8500 square degrees of the sky. Our search in miniJPAS and J-NEP yielded a total of 19 EELG candidates, allowing us to estimate the spatial density of these objects as a function of redshift up to z = 1.4. In the second part of this work, the spatial distribution of ionized gas properties in a subcategory of EELGs called GPs was studied. A sample of 24 GP galaxies observed with MUSE at the VLT was analyzed. Observations show that most of the brightness of the galaxy is dominated by central emission from the starburst region, with ionized gas extending several kpc beyond the galactic center. The study includes detailed information on the spatial distribution of ionization structure and kinematics, providing clues about possible channels through which high-energy photons could escape into the intergalactic medium (IGM). Lastly, the kinematics of the ionized gas in the galaxy IZw18 were studied using the MEGARA instrument on the GTC. IZw18 is an EELG known for its extremely low metallicity and intense star formation. Observations, based on the analysis of the Hα line, revealed much more complex kinematic features than previously seen in this galaxy. We highlight the presence of a very broad component, in addition to narrow profiles with high complexity and spatial variation. The physical interpretation of these results is not trivial, possibly corresponding to an intricate interaction between gravitational forces, stellar feedback mechanisms, and density gradients along the line of sight.

Tesis del Departamento de Astronomía Extragaláctica, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía. Programa de doctorado en Física y Ciencias del Espacio. Universidad de Granada. Leída en el Salón de Actos del IAA el 25 de septiembre del 2024, a las 12:00 h.

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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