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Retinopatia da prematuridade

Authors: Fortes Filho, João Borges;

Retinopatia da prematuridade

Abstract

Este artigo aborda aspectos atuais da Retinopatia da Prematuridade, entidade clínica responsável pela maior quantidade de crianças cegas em todo o mundo nos dias de hoje. Procura chamar a atenção para a importância da triagem na busca da doença em todos os prematuros de muito baixo peso e a necessidade de que a retinopatia seja identificada no momento adequado, quando ainda existe chance para o tratamento que deverá ser feito, preferencialmente, durante o tempo de permanência da criança no Centro de Neonatologia. O exame oftalmológico inicial deve ser realizado sob oftalmoscopia binocular indireta e dilatação das pupilas, entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana de vida, em todos os recém-nascidos com peso igual ou menor do que 1500 gramas e/ou com idade gestacional igual ou inferior a 32 semanas. O acompanhamento das crianças com ou sem retinopatia identificada deverá seguir periodicamente até a normalização da vascularização da retina temporal na Zona III, o que poderá tardar até mais do que os primeiros seis meses de vida e deverá ser mantido pelos dois primeiros anos para a prevenção da ambliopia e do estrabismo e para a correção das altas ametropias relacionadas com a prematuridade. Durante o texto ficam convencionadas as seguintes definições: • Prematuridade: nascidos com menos de 37 semanas de idade gestacional; • Prematuridade extrema: nascidos com menos de 28 semanas de idade gestacional; • Baixo peso: nascidos com menos de 2000 gramas; • Muito baixo peso: nascidos com menos de 1500 gramas; • Extremo baixo peso: nascidos com menos de 1000 gramas.

This article verses about the current concepts of the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a potentially avoidable cause of blindness in children in all the developed countries nowadays. The incidence of the disease has increased in recent years, owing to improvement in the survival rate of low birth weight infants. The importance of the screening for ROP in every prematurely born infant of low birth weight is claimed, in order to detect the disease when there is still a chance for treatment. The treatment should be performed preferably when the newborn is still at the Neonatal Unit.The ophthalmologic examination should be performed with indirect ophthalmoscopy and dilated pupils, between the 4th and 6th week of life. It is an important instrument for the detection of ROP and must be done in all very low birth weight infants with 1500g or less especially in those with gestational age under 32 weeks. The follow up must be periodical until the normal vascularization in Zone lll is established, which may be delayed for longer than 6 months of age. The periodical evaluations are recommended up to the age of 2 years, for prevention of ambliopy, strabismus and for correction of high ametropias related to prematurity. The following definitions are standardized through the text: • Prematurity: less than 37 weeks of gestational age; • Extreme Prematurity: less than 28 weeks of gestational age; • Low Birth Weight: less than 2000 g; • Very Low Birth Weight: less than 1500 g; • Extreme Low Birth Weight: less than 1000 g.

Keywords

Cegueira, Prevalence, Blindness/prevention & control, Retinopatia da prematuridade, Review, Retinopathy of prematurity/therapy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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