The Middle Palaeolithic of the Volga River lower basin (Volgograd district, Russia) is represented by three sites. They include the famous Sukhaya Mechetka (Volgograd) site with in situ archaeological layer excavated by S. Zamyatnin in 1952–1954. The sites of Chelyuskinets II and Zaikino Pepelishe with destroyed layers have been discovered and investigated by L. Kuznetsova in the 1980–1990s. The lithic assemblages of these sites are similar in their techno-typological characteristics and raw materials used. The lithic industry represented in Sukhaya Mechetka and other sites is dominated by side-scrapers, and includes bifacial points and scraper-knives, with a specific Volgograd-type knife, and a variety of other bifacial and unifacial tools. This industry belongs to the Eastern Micoquian and represents the most eastern occurrence of Eastern Micoquian in Europe. This paper is the first publication in English of the Middle Palaeolithic of the lower Volga River studied in detail by the author.