This article deals with very actual issue of decentralization at Kosovo. Author starts with basic idea of decentralization, showing its original administrative meaning. Then he insists on the fact that Kosovo case is the precedent where for the first time process of decentralization is being developed explicitly on ethnic basis, since the necessity and justification of decentralization are being perceived in the light of surviving of Serbs at Kosovo and Metohija. The author offers short chronology of debates and an analysis of key documents and propositions, presented by all sides.