The economic effects of the First World War included various direct and indirect dimensions. The war resulted not only in material and human loss but also in significant restructuring of economic flows and mechanisms; further displacements and reorganizations arose from the new political and economic order established post-1918. Discussing the direct impact of the war as well as the economic fallout from the 1918 Union of the historical provinces of Romania is necessary in this specific instance. Historiographically, it is important to acknowledge that the immediate repercussions of the war have frequently been examined, whereas historians have typically avoided scrutinizing the economic ramifications of the “Great Union” and have been even less inclined to regard the war's consequences as a cost of the 1918 Union. The significant endeavors to establish a state including all Romanian historical regions during the First World War were driven by national goals and should stay untainted by secondary economic factors. Historians` inclination to attribute the negative features to the conflict while deeming the positive ones as beneficial outcomes of the “Great Union” is, however, less legitimate. Had Romanian society and political entities not truly pursued the reunification of Romanian territory in Austria-Hungary with the “Old Kingdom”, Romania would not have engaged in the war in 1916. Therefore, we consider that it is justifiable to include the economic implications of the war as integral to the comprehensive assessment of the Union of 1918.