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https://doi.org/10.5821/disser...
Doctoral thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Filtros activos de potencia para la compensación instantánea de armónicos y energía reactiva.

Authors: Román Lumbreras, Manuel;

Filtros activos de potencia para la compensación instantánea de armónicos y energía reactiva.

Abstract

Since the last quarter of the last century, and due to the spectacular increment of the connection of electronic loads to the electric system, it has been extraordinarily increased the existence of non-sinusoidal currents with high content of harmonics. This fact, in comparison to our environment, is named "electric pollution".<br/>The presence of these electronic loads is given in all power levels, from hundreds of VA until some MVA and, although the problem is increased with the installed power, it is not negligible the effect achieved by the accumulation of many loads of small power. Due to this fact specific power quality standards have been imposed.<br/>The conventional filter techniques, based on passive filters installation tuned at the supposed harmonics in the plant, became inadequate due to the variability in the value and content of the same ones throughout the time. <br/>The present PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the current techniques for the elimination of those harmonics, and also the conventional reactive energy, by means of Active Power Filters based on the use of static power converters and specific control algorithms.<br/>After exposing the mains theories on the instantaneous power in the electric systems, and their application to the compensation techniques of harmonic and reactive energy by means of Active Power Filters, improvements are contributed in the application of those theories consistent in the simplification of the same ones based on the exclusive consideration of the active instantaneous power, as a really physical concept and easily measurable.<br/>In particular it is considered of special interest, for their simplicity and excellent results, the so called Simplified General Theory of the Instantaneous Power. This theory is applicable to one-phase as well as three-phase systems with or without neutral conductor.<br/>Analogical and digital prototypes of control have been built, based on the exposed theories, with experimental results that confirm the validity of the same ones.<br/>An industrial prototype of a Active Power Filter of 40kVA of compensation power has also been built, whose control is based in Simplified General Theory of the Instantaneous Power, and experimental results in laboratory demonstrate the excellent behaviour even with electronics loads whose Total Harmonic Distortion of current (THDi) exceeds 70%. This THDi is reduced below values of 5%. Desde el último cuarto del pasado siglo, y debido al espectacular incremento de la conexión de cargas electrónicas al sistema eléctrico, se ha incrementado extraordinariamente la existencia de corrientes no senoidales con alto contenido de armónicos, apareciendo lo que, por similitud con el entorno medioambiental, se denomina "polución eléctrica."<br/>La presencia de estas cargas electrónicas se da en todos los niveles de potencia, desde centenas de VA hasta algunos MVA y, aunque el problema se agrava con la potencia instalada, no es por ello despreciable el efecto provocado por la acumulación de muchas cargas de pequeña potencia, hasta tal punto que el contenido de armónicos ha debido ser regulado por normas específicas.<br/>Las técnicas convencionales de filtrado, basadas en la instalación de filtros pasivos sintonizados con los armónicos supuestamente presentes, resultan inadecuadas debido a la variabilidad en el valor y contenido de los mismos a lo largo del tiempo.<br/>El presente trabajo de tesis está dedicado al estudio de las técnicas actuales para la eliminación de esos armónicos, y también de la energía reactiva convencional, mediante técnicas de Filtrado Activo de Potencia (FAP), basadas en la utilización de Convertidores Estáticos de Potencia y algoritmos de control específicos.<br/>Después de exponer las principales teorías sobre la potencia instantánea en los sistemas eléctricos, y su aplicación a las técnicas de compensación de armónicos y energía reactiva<br/>mediante FAP, se aportan mejoras en la aplicación de esas teorías, consistentes en la simplificación de las mismas basadas en la consideración exclusiva de la potencia activa instantánea, como concepto de indudable sentido físico y fácilmente medible.<br/>En particular se considera de especial interés, por su simplicidad y excelentes resultados, la denominada Teoría General de la Potencia Instantánea Simplificada (TGPIS), de aplicación tanto a sistemas monofásicos como a trifásicos, con o sin neutro.<br/>Se han construido prototipos de control analógico y digital, basados en las teorías expuestas, con resultados experimentales que confirman la validez de las mismas.<br/>También se ha construido un prototipo industrial de un FAP de 40kVA de potencia de compensación, cuyo control está basado en la TGPIS, sobre el que se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio a potencias del orden de 15kVA, con resultados que demuestran su excelente comportamiento, incluso ante cargas cuya Distorsión Armónica Total de corriente (THD) excede el 70%, que queda reducida a valores inferiores al 5%.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Filtres actius, Control automàtic -- Components -- Catàlegs industrials, energia reactiva, calidad de la energia electrica, :Energies [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies, potencia activa y reactiva instantanea, filtros activos de potencia, armonicos, 530, 621.3

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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