Context: The current study aimed to review research articles concerning cortical representational plasticity following the manipulations of inputs. Evidence Acquisition: This review article compromised previous studies in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scientific Information databases according to the keywords since 1988. Results: CA1 neurons depolarization paired with CA3 presynaptic input result in EPSPs amplitude enhancement called LTP. Theta-burst stimulation of layer IV produced long term potentiation (LTP) in the granular primary motor cortex, but the agranular or primary somatosensory cortex was capable of generating LTP in case of GABAA receptor inhibition. Upper layers (UL)-induced, and White Matter WM-induced plasticity in layer VI corticogeniculate neurons were produced through type-5 metabotropic glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively. Calcineurin and cannabinoid type 1 receptors are involved in WM-induced and UL-induced het-LTD, respectively. Long-term potentiation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) was produced in FS-GABA neurons in layer II/III of the mouse visual cortex by tetanic activation. Conclusions: In summary, the current study presents rational evidences for specific fundamental forms of plasticity, containing associative long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.