Bridge materials durability is a key issue to be considered for reinforced concrete bridges. The maintenance and the repair are critical and costly. These issues may exhibit significant implications for the safety and functionality of these transportation infrastructures. Reinforced concrete bridges must withstand atmospheric environmental and artificial service conditions. They have to resist the adverse effects of cracking, carbonation, chloride migration, steel rebar corrosion, as well as wind, snow, rain, and freezing actions. The cyclic variation of these conditions has a relevant consequence on the long-term resistance. The durability of reinforced concrete bridges is also influenced by the geographic orientation and the local environmental exposition of the several bridge elements. The upper and lower structures of the bridges are linked through special bearings, which exhibit degradation over time. Foundation piles must be monitored with respect to the conservation state. Therefore, all durability aspects must be considered prior to planning and repairing the bridges. In this manner, it is possible to design bridges with specific needs and ensure the service endurance and safety.