
Xanthium spinosum je naturalizovaný neofyt vyskytujúci sa prevažne v oblastiach s intenzívnou poľnohospodárskou činnosťou, avšak jeho rozšírenie a biotopy na Slovensku ešte neboli podrobne študované. Cieľom práce bolo zhromaždiť všetky floristické údaje o tomto burinnom druhu, predstaviť súčasné a historické rozšírenie a charakterizovať jeho typické biotopy. Analýza údajov o výskyte Xanthium spinosum na Slovensku ukázala, že sa vyskytoval a vyskytuje hlavne v panónskej oblasti; v Karpatoch bol častejší len v 19. storočí v súvislosti s transportom diaspór ovčou vlnou. Počet lokalít sa postupne zvyšoval až do 70-tych rokov minulého storočia, potom však prudko poklesol v dôsledku intenzifikácie poľnohospodárstva. Z týchto dôvodov druh Xanthium spinosum v súčasnosti nepovažujeme na Slovensku za významnú burinu. X. spinosum osídľuje otvorené a výslnné ruderálne biotopy (okraje ciest, hnojiská, poľné cesty, opusteniská) a predovšetkým pasienky, zriedkavejšie i brehy riek. V poľných kultúrach sa vždy vyskytoval skôr ojedinele.
Xanthium spinosum is a naturalized neophyte of agricultural land, its distribution and habitats have not yet been studied in detail in Slovakia. The aim of the work was to collect all floristic data of this weed species, to present its current and historical distribution, and to characterize its typical habitats in Slovakia. As shown in analysis, Xanthium spinosum occurs mainly in the Pannonian region; in the Carpathians it was more frequent only in the 19th century and in connection with the transport of diaspores by sheep wool. The number of localities increased gradually until the 1970s, but then fell sharply due to the intensification of agriculture. Consequently, it is currently not considered to be a significant weed in Slovakia. X. spinosum mostly occupies open and sunny ruderal habitats (road edges, manure pits, field roads, abandoned fields and places) and especially pastures, rarely river banks. Both in the past and today, the species rarely occurs in fields.
neofyty, S, Central Europe, neophytes, Agriculture, occurrence, central europe, šírenie sa: výskyt, spreading, stredná Európa
neofyty, S, Central Europe, neophytes, Agriculture, occurrence, central europe, šírenie sa: výskyt, spreading, stredná Európa
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