Floor cleaning robots have emerged as an innovative solution to simplify the process of maintaining cleanliness in domestic and commercial environments. These autonomous robots utilize a combination of sensors, algorithms, and mechanical systems to navigate spaces, detect obstacles, and perform cleaning tasks efficiently. This paper explores the various technologies behind floor cleaning robots, including sensor fusion, path planning algorithms, and autonomous decision-making mechanisms. We also examine the key factors affecting their performance, such as battery life, cleaning efficiency, and adaptability to different types of floor surfaces. Additionally, the paper evaluates the environmental and economic impacts of these robots, highlighting their potential to reduce human labor and energy consumption. Future advancements, including AI integration, multi-surface adaptability, and enhanced user interaction, are also discussed, along with the challenges that remain in improving their performance in complex real-world environments. The findings of this paper provide insights into the ongoing development of floor cleaning robots and their evolving role in smart home ecosystems. Keywords- Automatic Floor Cleaning, ESP32, Ultrasonic Sensor, Obstacle Detection, IoT, Robotics. .