With the rapid development of China's economy and technology, infrastructure construction is developing rapidly, and the development of underground space is gradually developing in the direction of the depth of the stratum. The shield construction environment is becoming more and more complex, and the excavation face instability accidents caused by improper construction parameter settings occur from time to time. Once the excavation face of deep shield tunnel is unstable, it is difficult to carry out rapid rescue on site. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of different factors on the stability of excavation face under deep buried conditions and to evaluate the risk of excavation face instability. The shield model machine can make on-site simulation experiments and give on-site opinions. The shield machine, the full name of the shield tunnel boring machine, is a kind of special engineering machinery for tunnel excavation. The modern shield tunnel boring machine integrates light, machine, electricity, liquid, sensor and information technology. It has the functions of excavating and cutting soil, conveying soil, assembling tunnel lining, measuring and guiding correction. It involves geology, civil engineering, machinery, mechanics, hydraulic, electrical, control, measurement and other multi-disciplinary technologies, and it is necessary to carry out ' tailored ' design and manufacture according to different geology, and the reliability requirements are extremely high. Shield tunneling machine has been widely used in subway, railway, highway, municipal, hydropower and other tunnel projects. The shield model machine is used to simulate the shield process of the shield machine and prevent dangerous situations during the shield process.