Back and Forth from Boundary Objects to IIIF Resources: The Recipes of a Community-driven Initiative Specifying Standards Scientific poster presented at the DARIAH-CH Study Day in Mendrisio, Switzerland, on 20 October 2022 Abstract The exchange of digital objects and their associated metadata is simplified when these meet established standards, but the capture of all the (meta)information is still very much in tension, at the limits of resources, knowledge and indeed the underlying capabilities of given standards. These limitations can be translated into what Susan Leigh Star defines as residual categories and consequently the generation of boundary objects. The question of these non-standardised residuals within the cultural heritage and digital humanities fields is an iterative identification issue that institutions and individuals have sought to mitigate. Take for instance resources conforming to the application programming interfaces (APIs) of the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF). These are JSON-LD serialised objects duly specified and vetted by a community trying to break institutional silos. Of particular interest are resources compliant with the IIIF Presentation API which underpins what a Manifest is, i.e.: a description of the structure and properties of the compound object which can be interpreted by a client and displayed to end-users, typically disseminated openly on the Web. While on the surface or theoretically these IIIF Manifests, or compound objects, could be quite the antithesis of boundary objects, it remains to be seen to what extent IIIF-compatible resources revolve around residual categories and also from what point onward these Manifests have been at some point or revert to boundary objects, whether they are not well-structured or simply because the architecture and constituent software serving and interpreting them (known as viewers in the IIIF ecosystem) do not operate correctly. Additional resources: Presentation made on Exhibit: https://www.exhibit.so/exhibits/cXc5lm2e0G10tDVywh9b Verbose script as a blog post: https://julsraemy.ch/posts/2022/10/05/boundary-objects-iiif-dariah/ IIIF Manifest (JSON-LD): https://julsraemy.ch/hostiiing/manifests/backandforth.json Dataset which describes all of this in Schema.org (JSON-LD): https://julsraemy.ch/assets/metadata/backandforth.json

{"references": ["[1] Star, S. L., & Griesemer, J. R. (1989). Institutional Ecology, 'Translations' and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. _Social Studies of Science, 19_(3), 387\u2013420.", "[2] Snydman, S., Sanderson, R., & Cramer, T. (2015). The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF): A community & technology approach for web-based images. _Archiving Conference, 2015_, 16\u201321. https://purl.stanford.edu/df650pk4327", "[3] Star, S. L. (2010). This is Not a Boundary Object: Reflections on the Origin of a Concept. _Science, Technology, & Human Values, 35_(5), 601\u2013617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243910377624", "[4] Latour, B. (2005). _Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory_. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925604-4", "[5] Cross, R. (2013). The rise and fall of spinning tops. _American Journal of Physics, 81_(4), 280\u2013289. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4776195"]}

A verbose script of the poster is available on the author's website as a blog post, a short slide deck was created on the storytelling tool Exhibit and a IIIF Manifest of the poster is also available.