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La Neutro-Geometría y la Anti-Geometría como Alternativas y Generalizaciones de las Geometrías no Euclidianas

Authors: Florentin Smarandache;

La Neutro-Geometría y la Anti-Geometría como Alternativas y Generalizaciones de las Geometrías no Euclidianas

Abstract

En este artículo se extiende la Neutro-Álgebra y la Anti-Álgebra a los espacios geométricos, fundando la Neutro/Geometría y Anti-Geometría. Mientras que las Geometrías No-Euclidianas resultaron de la negación total de un axioma específico (Quinto Postulado de Euclides), la Anti-Geometría resulta de la negación total de cualquier axioma o incluso de más axiomas de cualquier sistema axiomático geométrico (Euclidiano, Hilbert, etc.) y de cualquier tipo de geometría como la Geometría (Euclidiana, Proyectiva, Finita, Diferencial, Algebraica, Compleja, Discreta, Computacional, Molecular, Convexa, etc.), y la Neutro-Geometría resulta de la negación parcial de uno o más axiomas [y sin negación total de ningún axioma] de cualquier sistema axiomático geométrico y de cualquier tipo de geometría. Generalmente, en lugar de un Axioma geométrico clásico, se puede tomar cualquier Teorema geométrico clásico de cualquier sistema axiomático y de cualquier tipo de geometría, y transformarlo por Neutrosoficación o Antisoficación en un Neutro-Teorema o Anti-Teorema respectivamente para construir una Neutro-Geometría o Anti-Geometría. Por tanto, la Neutro-Geometría y la Anti-Geometría son respectivamente alternativas y generalizaciones de las Geometrías No Euclidianas. En la segunda parte, se recuerda la evolución desde el Paradoxismo a la Neutrosofía, luego a la Neutro-Álgebra y la Anti-Álgebra, luego a la Neutro-Geometría y la Anti-Geometría, y en general a la Neutro-Estructura y Anti-Estructura que surgen naturalmente en cualquier campo del conocimiento. Al final, se presentan aplicaciones de muchas Neutro-Estructuras en nuestro mundo real.

Keywords

Geometrías no euclidianas, Geometría euclidiana, Geometría de Lobachevski-Bolyai-Gauss, Geometría de Riemann, Neutro-Múltiple, Anti-Múltiple, Neutro-Álgebra, Anti-Álgebra, Neutro-Geometría, Anti-Geometría, Neutro-Axioma, Anti-Axioma, Neutro-Teorema, Anti-Teorema, Función parcial, Neutro-Función, Anti-Función, Neutro-Operación, Anti-Operación, Neutro-Atributo, Anti-Atributo, Neutro-Relación, Anti-Relación, Neutro-Estructura, Anti-Estructura.

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citations
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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