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Eurocentrismo y denigración popular en Amalia de José Mármol. Una lectura decolonial

Authors: Limeres Novoa, Fernando;

Eurocentrismo y denigración popular en Amalia de José Mármol. Una lectura decolonial

Abstract

José Mármol (1817-1871) constituye el primer novelista rioplatense. Sus coordenadas de producción son dos; a saber: en primer lugar, se imbrica en la interpretación del movimiento romántico en su versión autóctona y, en segundo lugar, la totalidad de su obra tanto en prosa como en verso se organiza a partir del cruzamiento entre literatura y política. Por otra parte, es verdad que su preponderancia en el canon literario argentino es menor que otros autores coetáneos como Echeverría o Sarmiento; esto a partir de las operaciones críticas realizadas por Borges primero y por Piglia después. Sin embargo, su valor tanto literario como ideológico no son menores dado que junto con los anteriores contribuye a articular y fortalecer la dicotomía sarmientina de “Civilización o Barbarie” omnipresente en el “Facundo” (1845) sarmientino y tópico de aliento prolongado en la literatura y el pensamiento argentinos durante dos siglos. Ahora bien, la disyuntiva sarmientina no ostenta polisemia y pese a que Sarmiento la consagra literariamente, sus múltiples vinculaciones interetextuales la rebelan como profundamente vinculada con el sistema conceptual operante a mediados del siglo XIX en las élites intelectuales rioplatenses. La anterior, no sin dogmatismo, implica el rechazo de lo autóctono americano por suponerlo un avatar telúrico de la barbarie y la asimilación de las formas de sociabilidad e institucionalidad europeas por ser percibidas como civilizadas y por ende proclives de progreso y adelanto económico y técnico.

Keywords

eurocentrismo, José Mármol, denigración popular

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