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'Les lieux de l'enfance', in H. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Th. Späth (éds), Gender Studies in den Altertumswissenschaften : Räume und Geschlechter in der Antike, Trier, 2005 (coll. Iphis. Beiträge zur altertumswissenschaftlichen Genderforschung, Bd 3), 59-81.

Authors: Dasen Véronique;

'Les lieux de l'enfance', in H. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Th. Späth (éds), Gender Studies in den Altertumswissenschaften : Räume und Geschlechter in der Antike, Trier, 2005 (coll. Iphis. Beiträge zur altertumswissenschaftlichen Genderforschung, Bd 3), 59-81.

Abstract

En Grèce archaïque et classique, le temps de l’enfance est associé à une répartition sexuée des espaces, réels ou imaginaires, qui annonce l’asymétrie des destins féminins et masculins. De la naissance à l’entrée dans l’âge adulte, un parcours jalonné d’étapes voit chaque sexe faire l’objet de soins et de rites spécifiques. Nous examinerons ici trois moments de transition, mis en scène dans trois types de lieux, associés à différentes formes de représentations collectives.Le premier lieu est littéraire. Il s’agit de l’espace de la matrice où s’élabore l’embryon et se construit la valeur différentielle des sexes, définie en termes de latéralité dans certains traités de médecine. Le deuxième lieu est l’espace de la fête des Choés, qui se déroulait à Athènes le deuxième jour des Anthestéries. Les scènes dépeintes sur de petites cruches à vin évoquent la première participation de jeunes enfants, principale-ment des garçons, à la vie religieuse de la cité vers l’âge de trois ans. Le troisième lieu est l’espace matériel du sanctuaire dont des offrandes se réfèrent aux étapes menant de l’enfance à l’âge adulte, et plus particulièrement au processus de maturation des filles.Ces trois lieux associés à des moments de transition, biologiques et culturels, résument les principaux biais qu’emprunte l’historien pour appréhender les rôles dévolus à chaque sexe. A chaque espace correspond un type privilégié de sources, écrites, iconographiques et archéologiques, qui permettent, chacune à sa manière, d’observer la construction de la différence dans la société grecque.

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Keywords

rite of passage, medicine, doll, greece, gender, body, childhood

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