This deliverable is a comparative analysis and SWOT analysis of city action perspectives. Air quality and carbon policies are often largely influenced by existing national and EU policy frameworks that very much influence the possibilities that individual cities and regions have for action. This report examines this leeway for action of individual cities and provides a comparative analysis of support and barriers that cities receive from higher policy levels, and discusses how they can react to that. The latter will be done by way of a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of city action perspectives.