ABSTRACT Reserve samples in the pharmaceutical industry are vital for quality assurance and regulatory compliance. Retained from each production batch, these samples ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. They play a crucial role in investigating complaints, verifying product consistency, addressing regulatory inspections, and supporting stability studies. Regulatory bodies like the FDA, EMA, and WHO require strict guidelines for their handling, storage, and retention. Reserve samples must align with the product’s labeled storage conditions and be kept for at least one year beyond the expiration date or two years after the last distribution, whichever is longer. Sufficient quantities must also be maintained to allow at least two full quality analyses. Managing reserve samples involves challenges such as storage space limitations, environmental control costs, risk of degradation, and the need for precise documentation. However, technological advancements like automated inventory systems, IoT-based monitoring, and digital record-keeping have improved efficiency and reliability. These innovations reduce risks of non-compliance and enhance traceability. This review highlights the purpose, regulatory requirements, best practices, and challenges associated with reserve samples, as well as recent technological advancements. Reserve samples are integral to pharmaceutical operations, helping companies maintain product quality standards, consumer trust, and regulatory compliance. Continuous improvement in reserve sample management is essential to meet the evolving demands of the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Reserve Samples, Pharmaceutical Quality, Regulatory Compliance, Stability Studies, Sample Management