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Le roman policier: approche du genre à travers ses „topics“

Schöch, Christof;

Le roman policier: approche du genre à travers ses „topics“

Abstract

L'histoire du roman policier français s'écrit, le plus souvent, à travers la succession de plusieurs formes dominantes du genre et de ses précurseurs : tout commence avec le roman-feuilleton populaire et le roman judiciare (p.ex. Eugène Sue, Émile Gaboriau) puis le roman d'aventures et d'exploits (p.ex. Gaston Leroux, Maurice Leblanc). Vient ensuite le récit de détection classique (p.ex. Georges Simenon), suivi par le roman noir (p.ex. Léo Malet), le roman à suspense (p.ex. Boileau/Narcejac) et le néo-polar (p.ex. Jean-Patrick Manchette, Didier Daeninckx). Une telle histoire du genre a pu s'appuyer sur des efforts typologiques tels que ceux de Tzvetan Todorov (1971) et à été écrite entre autres par Ulrich Schulz-Buschhaus (1975) en Allemagne ou par Boileau-Narcejac (1975) en France. La présente contribution voudrait jeter un regard complémentaire sur un aspect précis de l'histoire du roman policier, un regard porté par les thématiques dominantes à telle ou telle époque et chez tel ou tel auteur. Elle présentera les résultats de l'étude d'une collection de romans policiers ainsi que de leurs précurseurs, publiés entre 1860 et 2000 environ. Cette collection est explorée à travers la procédure du “topic modeling” développé par David Blei (2011) en utilisant l'outil MALLET (McCallum 2002). Cette procédure découvre de manière non-supervisée des groupes de mots thématiquement liées dans une collection de textes. La contribution éprouve donc l'utilité de la technique du “topic modeling” pour l'histoire d'un genre littéraire comme le roman policier. Elle s'interroge également sur la question de savoir en quoi le topic modeling, en tant qu'outil intermédiaire entre les textes et le chercheur, donc en tant qu'interface numérique (Douehi 2012), promeut ou au contraire empêche certaines manières d'envisager le genre policier. Elle est l'occasion, aussi, de s'interroger sur les apports du paradigme des “humanités numériques” et plus précisément du “algorithmic criticism” (Ramsay 2011) aux études de lettres.

Keywords

digital humanities, crime fiction, topic modeling, French literature, genre stylistics

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download
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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