ABSTRACT The success of India's centre-state relations is crucial to the country's democratic system. However, these relationships have consistently been surrounded by complexities, disputes, and tensions, necessitating investigation into the function of law and order. In order to understand the importance of law and order in centre-state relations in India and how it affects governance and the federal structure, this research paper analyses the current knowledge gap. The constitutional and legal framework, the impact and significance of law and order, and the impact of internal security challenges are just a few of the various aspects of centre-state relations covered in this research paper. The research paper emphasizes that, following the State List of the Indian Constitution, the state government's primary duty is to maintain law and order. However, centralized support becomes essential during crises and emergencies, emphasizing the importance of a friendly Centre-state relationship. Due to the complexity, diversity, and federal governance structure of Indian society, it is crucial to understand law and order's role in centre-state relations. Additionally, internal security issues have significantly impacted centre-state relations in India, with some regions dealing with separatist movements, insurgencies, terrorism, communal violence, and other types of organized crime. Along with the requirement for proper capacity building and training of state police forces, this calls for coordination and joint efforts between the Centre and the states. The research paper emphasizes the need for a more thorough comprehension of Centre-state relations regarding law and order from a comparative perspective. It examines the institutional and human resources needed to handle crises, highlighting the significance of local civic society as a crucial element of centre-state relations. By filling in the research gap, scholars can develop a more thorough understanding of Centre-state relations in India by considering its federalism, multiculturalism, and security issues. Keywords- Centre-state relations, Constitution, Security, Law, Federalism etc.