Key to six currently recognized subgenera of Passiflora 1 Plants dioecious, with differences in the size of the gynoecium and/or androecium and/or in the number of parts of the gynoecium and presence/absence of nectariferous disk between plants of different sexes; hypanthium flat, petals and sepals (3)4 or (4)5, stamens 4 (P. tetrandra) or variable number, (3) 4–5 in P. aurantioides (K.Schum.) Krosnick or 6–8 in P. kuranda Krosnick & A.J.Ford, bracts 2, minute; leaves simple, entire, ocelli present; pollen 6-colporate, polar area very small, amb subcircular. Species exclusively native to Oceania .............................. Tetrapathea (DC.) P.S.Green – Plants monoecious; nectariferous disk absent and / or present, hypanthium flat to tubular, petals and sepals 5 (petals rarely absent), stamens 5, bracts (2)3, minute to foliaceous; leaves simple or compound, lobed or entire, ocelli present or not; pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 6-syncolporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, polar area very small, small or large, amb circular, subcircular to subtriangular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ............................... 2 2 Tendrils branched; leaves simple, entire, ocelli absent; hypanthium shortly campanulate to campanulate; pollen 6-syncolporate or 6-colporate, amb subcircular or subtriangular. Species exclusively native to the Americas ............................................................................. Tryphostemmatoides (Harms) Killip – Tendrils simple (rarely absent); leaves simple or compound, entire or lobed, ocelli present or absent; hypanthium shortly campanulate to campanulate, cylindrical to cylindrical-campanulate or funnelform; pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, amb circular to subtriangular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania .................................................. 3 3 Leaves simple, entire, ocelli absent; petiolar glands 2, sessile, concave, near or at the apex or at the junction with the leaf blade on the abaxial surface; styles 3; pollen 6-colporate, colpi short or long, endoapertures lalongate. Species exclusively native to the Americas ........... Astrophea (DC.) Mast. – Leaves simple or compound, lobed or entire, ocelli present or absent; petiolar glands (0)2–many, sessile or stipulate, never on the abaxial surface; styles 3(4); pollen 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, colpi long, endoapertures often lolongate or absent or lalongate or circular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ............................................................... 4 4 Leaves simple and entire with tendrils bearing an adhesive disk or leaves 3- or 5–7(9)-compound; ocelli absent; styles/stigmas 4; pollen 6-colporate, colpi narrow, amb subcircular or subtriangular. Species exclusively native to the Americas ......................................... Deidamioides (Harms) Killip – Leaves simple, lobed or entire, tendrils without adhesive disk (present only in P. obovata Killip ex Standl.); ocelli present or absent; styles/stigmas 3; pollen grains 6- or 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, colpi narrow or wide, amb circular or subcircular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ......................................................................................................... 5 5 Stipules foliaceous (rarely minute); petiolar glands (0)2–many; bracts well developed, often verticillate (rarely minute or alternate); hypanthium campanulate, cylindrical, cylindrical-campanulate, funnelform, or flat; corona 1–many-seriate, whitish, purple, violet, pink, red, or a combination of these colors; operculum smooth (plicate in the series Kermesinae), entire or filamentous at the apex; pollen 6-colpate or 5–10-, 12-, or 14-syncolpate, endoapertures absent. Species exclusively native to the Americas ............................................................................................................... Passiflora L. – Stipules minute (rarely foliaceus); petiolar glands 2 or absent; bracts minute, alternate; hypanthium flat, very rarely campanulate or tapered; corona 1–2-seriate, whitish or banded red or purple, operculum plicate; pollen 12-colpate or 6- or 12-colporate, endoapertures often lolongate or lalongate or circular. Species native to the Americas, Asia, or Oceania ........................................... Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. Using morphological and palynological characters (Figs 2–12) and published data, it was possible to construct descriptions (detailed below) and determine the distribution of species within subgenera (Supp. file 2). A total of 615 currently accepted species were listed, including 3 additions to the reference list, 48 synonyms, 30 unpublished names, 1 dubious name, 6 new combinations (taxa not currently at species status), and 3 hybrids excluded (Supp. file 2).

Published as part of Mezzonato-Pires, Ana Carolina, Bernacci, Luís Carlos, Teixeira, Gabriel Henrique Gomes De Souza Freitas, Cruz, Priscila de Freitas, Pacheco, Georgia, Mendonça, Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira & Gonçalves-Esteves, Vania, 2025, Palynological characterization and taxonomical delimitation of the subgenera within Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae: Malpighiales), the largest genus of lianas in the Neotropics, pp. 239-264 in European Journal of Taxonomy 981 on pages 243-244, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2829, http://zenodo.org/record/15068620