Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common and preventable type of healthcare-associated infections in low and middle-income countries and affect one-third of patients that have undergone surgical procedures. As the number of surgical procedures performed increases, the prevention of SSIs becomes more important. It is considered that, it is possible to prevent approximately half of all SSI cases. However, due to the contribution of many factors to the development of SSIs, it may be difficult to effectively prevent these infections, and there is a need to take various preventive measures before, during and after surgery. This review presents the current recommendations on the use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents for the prevention of SSIs and recommendations about antimicrobial prophylaxis in urological procedures.