
Skin surface temperature can be measured using temperature sensors, typically in the form of thermocouples or thermistors. Thermocouples are temperature sensors containing two different metals that, when heated or cooled, produce a change in electrical potential (voltage) associated with the change in temperature. In the present study, skin temperature is measured using heat flow discs, which are thermocouples. Temperature is measured on both sides of the disc to determine dry heat transfer. Mean skin temperature is calculated as a weighted average of 4-8 sites, such as that detailed by Ramanathan1. Individual skin temperature sites may be of particular interest when investigating thermoregulation in spinal cord injured persons, as regional temperature differences can assist in explaining impaired thermoregulation as a result of their injury level. For this study, skin temperature is measured at the calf, thigh, chest and shoulder. Additional sites traditionally used to measure skin temperature include forehead, triceps, biceps, scapula, lower back, abdomen, hand, and foot.
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