
doi: 10.4161/fly.20143
pmid: 22634475
The Wnt/Wingless (Wg) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling system that is used reiteratively, both spatially and temporally, to control the development of multicellular animals. The stability of cytoplasmic β-catenin/Armadillo, the transcriptional effector of the pathway, is controlled by sequential N-terminal phosphorylation and ubiquitination that targets it for proteasome-mediated degradation. Orthologous members of the Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase family from Drosophila to vertebrates have been implicated in the regulation of Wnt/Wingless signaling. In Drosophila, as a consequence of Hipk activity, cells accumulate stabilized Armadillo that directs the expression of Wg-specific target genes. Hipk promotes the stabilization of Armadillo by inhibiting its ubiquitination (and hence subsequent degradation) by the SCF(Slimb) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Vertebrate Hipk2 impedes β-catenin ubiquitination to promote its stability and the Wnt signal in a mechanism that is functionally conserved. Moreover, we describe here that Hipk proteins have a role independent of their effect on β-catenin/Armadillo stability to enhance Wnt/Wingless signaling.
Armadillo Domain Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Wnt1 Protein, beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins, Wnt Proteins, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila, Hedgehog Proteins, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Armadillo Domain Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Wnt1 Protein, beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins, Wnt Proteins, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila, Hedgehog Proteins, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
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