There is a consensus in the literature on the role of exercise in prolonging healthy life. The strongest effect is held by sports games characterized by intense efforts. As a result, the paper proposes the analysis of anaerobic and aerobic efforts on the release of myokines and stem cell metabolism. Anaerobic exercise should play a significant role in anti-aging programs, as it stimulates muscle secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 7, a myokine that helps prevent cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of mortality. Intense exercise also strongly stimulates the release of irisin, IL-6, IL-15 and progenitor stem cells, which is why they should be given a higher weight in anti-aging training programs and kinetoprophylaxis of the elderly. Anaerobic exercise may prevent myostatin (myokine that accelerates the aging of striated muscle) from growing more than aerobic ones. IGF-1, whose role in increasing life expectancy is controversial, and which is not secreted during aerobic exercise, appears to be only redistributed in plasma as a result of resistance exercise.