Hypodontia is a type of dental anomaly that can affect dogs, characterized by the congenital absence of up to six deciduous or permanent teeth. According to reports in the literature, the absence of a dental element is an incidental finding and the absence of the first premolar teeth is observed more frequently. It is believed that there is a genetic component and viral factors that predispose to the non-development of dental elements. However, an interruption in the development of these same dental elements can cause tooth failure. It is not possible to discern whether there is a dental element or not just through the macroscopic examination of the oral cavity. In this sense, it is necessary to carry out an intraoral radiographic examination for diagnostic elucidation, which will lead to an appropriate treatment. According to the literature, non-eruption of teeth can generate a dentigerous cyst, whose treatment is based on the extraction of any remaining tooth tissue.