Ethnoarchaeology of Ache settlements. Hunting-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay.There is a growing interest in archaeology for studying human behavior in contemporary societies with the purpose of formulating theoretical models to aid in explaining certain archaeological data. The aim of this paper is to elaborate hypotheses having a degree of causality concerning the process of formation of small archaeological sites in hunting- gathering societies. In order to accomplish this goal we studied a community of Aché foragers in Eastern Paraguay with three types of settlement types : transient camps, central camps and semi-permanent camps.