The positive effects of music on physical and psychological wellbeing have been widely evidenced by scientific literature. However, its effects on the topics of research of Social Work have been less researched. Therefore, the present article addresses this issue of how music fosters what the definition of Social Work states: social change and development, social cohesion, the empowerment and liberation of people, and respect for diversity. The purpose of this study is to analyze in the existing scientific literature whether any research has analyzed the potential of music regarding the objectives of Social Work. To meet that objective, a comprehensive literature review of this topic has been carried out using Web of Science. In total, 28 articles have been analyzed. The results show the ability of music to promote participants’ cohesion, community creation, and transformative actions that align with the values and goals of Social Work. Implications of these results within the field and the social impact of the actions related to music toward respect for diversity are argued.