Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Insights into  Diabetes Etiopathogenesis

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Review 21 Nov 2014 Spain English Publisher:MDPI AGJournal:Nutrients, volume 6, pages 5,338-5,369 (eissn: 2072-6643,

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Authors: Berná, Genoveva; Oliveras-López, María-Jesús; Jurado Ruiz, Enrique; Tejedo, Juan; Bedoya, Francisco J.; Soria, Bernat; Martín, Franz;

doi: 10.3390/nu6115338

pmid: 25421534

pmc: PMC4245593

handle: 10433/24987 , 10261/123474 , 10668/2286

Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics Insights into Diabetes Etiopathogenesis

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a global pandemic, and the incidence of DM continues to grow worldwide. Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic predisposition and dietary factors appear to be involved. Nutritional genomics studies generally focus on dietary patterns according to genetic variations, the role of gene-nutrient interactions, gene-diet-phenotype interactions and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients; these studies will facilitate an understanding of the early molecular events that occur in DM and will contribute to the identification of better biomarkers and diagnostics tools. In particular, this approach will help to develop tailored diets that maximize the use of nutrients and other functional ingredients present in food, which will aid in the prevention and delay of DM and its complications. This review discusses the current state of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenomics research on DM. Here, we provide an overview of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on gene expression, how epigenetic changes and micro RNAs (miRNAs) can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to prevent the onset of DM.

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Keywords

Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype::Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus, Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Models, Animal::Disease Models, Animal, Medical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Incidence, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression Regulation::Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression, Review, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans, Epigenesis, Genetic, Nutrigenomics, Diabetes; ; X; Gene-nutrient interaction, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Antisense Elements (Genetics)::RNA, Antisense::MicroRNAs, Diabetes Mellitus, Animals, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene-nutrient interaction, Pancreatic β cell, Dietary patterns, Nutrigenetics, X, Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Genetics::Genomics::Nutrigenomics, Incidence, Diabetes, Genetic Variation, Insulin resistance, Nutrients, Diet, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals, Disease Models, Animal, MicroRNAs, miRNAs, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression, MiRNAs, Epigenetics, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation

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