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Study of Synthesis Pathways of the Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid 20:5n-3 in the Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri Using 13C-Isotope Labeling
Copyright policy ): The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative &omega
-3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri.
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Microbiology lcsh:QR1-502
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Biochemistry Polar lipids Isotope Neutral lipid Fatty acid chemistry.chemical_classification chemistry Chaetoceros muelleri Polyunsaturated fatty acid Diatom biology.organism_classification biology
Article, synthesis pathway, diatom, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, acyl-editing mechanism, compound-specific isotope analysis, Acl, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, synthesis pathway, diatom, 5n-3 (EPA) [20], Chaetoceros muelleri, acyl-editing mechanism, compound-specific isotope analysis
Article, synthesis pathway, diatom, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, acyl-editing mechanism, compound-specific isotope analysis, Acl, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, synthesis pathway, diatom, 5n-3 (EPA) [20], Chaetoceros muelleri, acyl-editing mechanism, compound-specific isotope analysis
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Microbiology lcsh:QR1-502
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Biochemistry Polar lipids Isotope Neutral lipid Fatty acid chemistry.chemical_classification chemistry Chaetoceros muelleri Polyunsaturated fatty acid Diatom biology.organism_classification biology
- Université Paris Diderot France
- MDPI Switzerland
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement France
- INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR L'EXPLOITATION DE LA MER France
- University of North Carolina Wilmington United States
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Identification and functional characterisation of genes encoding the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Phytochemistry 2011, 72, 594-600. [CrossRef] 23. Ratledge, C. Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production. Biochimie 2004, 86, 807-815. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 24. Armenta, R.E.; Valentine, M.C. Single-cell oils as a source of omega-3 fatty acids: An overview of recent advances. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2013, 90, 167-182. [CrossRef] 25. Ye, C.; Qiao, W.; Yu, X.; Ji, X.-J.; Huang, H.; Collier, J.L.; Liu, L. Reconstruction and analysis of the genome-scale metabolic model of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 for docosahexaenoic acid production. BMC Genom. 2015, 16, 799-810. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 26. Hauvermale, A.; Kuner, J.; Rosenzweig, B.; Guerra, D.; Diltz, S.; Metz, J.G. Fatty acid production in Schizochytrium sp.: Involvement of a polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase and a type I fatty acid synthase.
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- Université Paris Diderot France
- MDPI Switzerland
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement France
- INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR L'EXPLOITATION DE LA MER France
- University of North Carolina Wilmington United States
- MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) Switzerland
- Elon University United States
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea France
: The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative &omega
-3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri.