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Comrehensive Geriatric Assessment.

高齢者の総合機能評価
Authors: T, Ozawa;

Comrehensive Geriatric Assessment.

Abstract

高齢者では多臓器に慢性疾患が併発し, 痴呆, 移動障害, 失禁, コミュニケーション障害, 転倒, うつ状態, 廃用性萎縮などを来して要介護となる. こうした生活機能障害に対しては身体的, 精神的, 社会的に総合評価し, これを適切な医療ケアにつなげることが必要である. その手法が総合的機能評価 comrehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) である. それは医学的診断治療に加えて, 日常生活動作ADL, 痴呆とうつ状態のスクリーニング, 必要な介護などの社会的な側面等の, 生活機能を包括的に評価するものである.CGAは記述的な内容をスコアで表現する. 使用する方法は, 妥当性, 信頼性, 感度, 特異度, 変化に対する反応性, 使いやすさなどの条件を満足するものでなければならない. 主たる対象は虚弱高齢者で, 個体もコミュニティも対象となる. チーム医療の取り組みを要し, 評価の結果は個別的に適正なケア計画となって実施に移される.評価法は様々であり, 英米でその発展がみられているが, ここでは英国老年医学会とロンドン医師会とが共同して刊行した標準化スケールを紹介した. CGAの効果は入院で大きく, 外来, 在宅では低い傾向があるといわれてきたが, それは適切なケア計画の作成と実施に問題があるためである. しかし最近では在宅CGAが積極的に施行される傾向があり, 入院頻度の減少, 入院日数の低下, 施設入所の減少, 生活の質QOLの向上などの面でよい成績が上げられている. また, うっ血性心不全など, 個々の疾患に固有の評価をすることによって, 高齢者の慢性疾患の長期在宅ケアの改善が得られている. 我が国ではこうした面の医療ケアが等閑となっている傾向があり, 今後の発展が望まれる.

Keywords

Humans, Geriatric Assessment, Aged

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
gold