Radiomics is a process that aims to extract quantitative data through medical imaging, with the goal of integrating this data into clinical decision-making tools. These tools can contribute to more optimised/personalised medicine and a better prognosis for patients. This dissertation offers insights into the fundamental technical and methodological aspects of radiomics. It also sheds light on the potential use of radiomics in the treatment of lung cancer and head and neck cancer. The dissertation found that the implementation of radiomics in a clinical setting is not without its challenges and provides tools to facilitate the standardisation, interoperability and progress of the research field.