Summary. The bamboo genus Hickelia A. Camus is revised and a key to the species is provided. Pseudocoix A. Camus, a genus from Madagascar, is shown to be synonymous with Hickelia, and its single species is transferred to Hickelia as H. perrieri, a new combination. Altogether there are four species recognized in Hickelia, three of which are known from Madagascar; a fourth described here as a new species, H. africana S. Dransf., is found in Tanzania. Morphology of branching, inflorescences and spikelets is discussed. An extended description of H. madagascariensis is presented. Hickelia is considered to be related to Nastus Juss.