Nguyen-Zessin formula, Inference from spatial processes, highly structured stochastic systems, infinitesimal generator, diffusions, Gibbs random fields, variational estimators, conditional intensity, Markov random fields, pseudo-likelihood, Gibbs sampler, maximum likelihood, method of moments, dead leaves model, generator, spatial birth-and-death processes, unbiased estimating equations, Godambe optimality, Random fields; image analysis, maximum pseudolikelihood, Gibbs point processes, Stein-Chen method, censored data, reduced sample estimator, Takacs-Fiksel method