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Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Article . 1954 . Peer-reviewed
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q-Bernoulli and Eulerian Numbers

\(q\)-Bernoulli and Eulerian numbers
Authors: Carlitz, Leonard;

q-Bernoulli and Eulerian Numbers

Abstract

In einer früheren Arbeit [Duke Math. J. 15, 987--1000 (1948; Zbl 0032.00304)] definierte der Verf. die rationalen Funktionen \(\eta_m\) der Unbestimmten \(q\) durch die symbolischen Formeln (in welchen nach der Entwicklung \(\eta^m\) durch \(\eta_m\) ersetzt wird) \((q\eta+1)^m=\eta^m\) \((m>1)\), \(\eta_0=1\), \(\eta_1=0\) und die polynome \(\eta_m(x)\) durch \(\eta_m(x)=\eta_m(x,q)=([x]+q^x\eta)^m\), wobei die Abkürzung \([x]=(q^x-1)/(q-1)\) benutzt wurde. Schließlich definierte Verf. noch \[ q^x\beta_m(x)=\eta_m(x)+(q-1)\eta_{m+1}(x)\quad \beta_m(0)=\beta_m. \] Für \(q=1\) ergeben sich für \(\beta_m\) bzw. \(\beta_m(x)\) die Bernoullischen Zahlen bzw. die Bernoullischen Polynome. Unter der Abkürzung \[ {x\brack m}=\frac{(q^x-1)(q^{x-1}-1)\cdots (q^{x-m+1}-1)}{(q-1)(q^2-1)\cdots (q^m-1)} \] führt Verf. in der vorliegenden Arbeit die folgenden Definitionen ein: \(A_{ms}=A_{ms}(q)\) durch \([x]^m={x\brack 1}^m=\sum_{s=1}^m A_{ms} {x+s-1\brack m}\), \((m\geq 1)\). \(H_m=H_m(x)\) durch die symbolische Formel \((qH+1)^m=xH^m\), \(H_0=1\), \(H_1=1/(x-q)\). Schließlich \(A_m(x,q)=\sum_{s=1}^m A_{ms}x^{s-1}\) \((m\geq 1)\). Verf. beweist zehn Sätze, von denen wir als Beispiel die folgenden erwähnen: Satz 1. Es sei \(p\geq 3\), Primzahl, \(q=a\equiv 1\pmod p\). Dann gilt \(p\beta_m\equiv -1\pmod p\) für \(p-1\mid m\), bzw. \(\equiv 0\pmod p\) für \(p-1\nmid m\). Satz 8. Es seien \(q=a\) und \(x\) rationale Zahlen, die (mod \(p\)) ganz sind. Ferner sei \(x\not \equiv a^s\pmod p\) für jedes \(s\). Sei \(p^{c-1}(p-1)\mid w\) und \(r\geq 1\). Dann ist \(H^m(x)\cdot(H^w(x)-1)^r\equiv 0\pmod{p^m,p^{rc}}\). Die Arbeit enthält einige störende Druckfehler.

Keywords

\(q\)-calculus and related topics, Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials, \(q\)-Eulerian numbers, \(q\)-Bernoulli numbers

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
26
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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