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Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY SA
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Vojnosanitetski Pregled
Article
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Article . 2006
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Chernobyl accident − consequences and lessons

Authors: Đurović Branka; Spasić-Jokić Vesna; Rađen Slavica; Dobrić Silva;

Chernobyl accident − consequences and lessons

Abstract

U subotu, 26. aprila 1986. godine u ranim jutarnjim satima (01:23), dve uzastopne snažne eksplozije, razorile su krov bloka 4 cernobiljske nuklearne elektrane (NE). Ogromne kolicine dima, gasova, građevinskog materijala, grafita i radioaktivnog materijala nasle su se u 2 km visokoj pecurki iznad NE. Procenjuje se da je tokom akcidenta i narednih pet dana u atmosferu oslobođeno oko 10 × 10 Bq . Požar koji je nastao posle eksplozije, vrlo brzo je zahvatio ceo blok 4 i uzrokovao pojavu dodatnih kolicina gasova i dima. Najteže − najkrupnije cestice (vece od 10 μm) padale su iz oblaka na tlo u neposrednoj blizini NE. One su nosile 80−90% neisparljivih radionuklida. Manje cestice (0,5−10 μm) bile su nosene vetrom promenljivog pravca veoma daleko, najpre ka zapadu i severu, a zatim ka jugoistoku. Prema zvanicnim podacima na teritoriji bivseg SSSR-a, prvenstveno na teritoriji Ukrajine, Belorusije i Ruske Federacije, preko 150 000 km bilo je kontaminisano iznad granicne vrednosti od 37 kBq/m. Vrednosti vise od granicne doze, a manje od 185 kBq/m izmerene su u skandinavskim zemljama (Finskoj, Norveskoj i Svedskoj), Austriji i balkanskim zemljama, sa ukupnom povrsinom od 45 000 km. Akcident ovako velikih razmera nije bio ni u najslobodnijim pretpostavkama razmatran u planovima cernobiljske NE za resavanje mogucih akcidentnih situacija . U cernobiljskom akcidentu povisenim dozama zracenja bio je izložen veoma veliki broj stanovnika severne hemisfere, a najvise radnici angažovani na resavanju akcidenta, bilo da se radilo o neposrednoj − akutnoj intervenciji ili o aktivnostima u fazi rasciscavanja terena, zatim stanovnici visokokontaminisanih regiona koji su vrlo brzo bili evakuisani i stanovnici manje kontaminisanih regiona koji nisu bili evakuisani. Akutno izlaganje radnika

Keywords

Radioactive Fallout, radioactive pollutants, Medicine (General), delivery of health care, neoplasms, R5-920, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, Humans, Radiation Injuries, Ukraine, radiation injuries, chernobyl nuclear accident, radiation-induced, Power Plants

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold