Multiple Population Breeding System (MPBS) means that the genetic conservation population is split into subpopulations with each having an effective population size of approximately 50 individuals (Namkoong, 1984). The main reasons for development of the MPBS is the need for preparation of adequate breeding strategy which would be useful in future breeding goals and environmental conditions changing processes. MPBS is dynamic and allows for adaptation via natural selection or breeding. In contrast to hierarchical systems that require several generations of back-crossing to introduce genes into the breeding population immediate changes of breeding goals are possible in MPBS breeding. The cost of running a MPBS programme is not expected to differ much from running a breeding programme with just one large breeding population. MPBS is very appropriate conservation method for endangered species due to future environmental and breeding aims changes. In this paper suggestion for conservation and improvement of Serbian spruce genetic diversity applying MPBS has been explained.