The anterior cruciate ligament or ACL (ligamentum cruciatum anterius) is often injured, either alone or within complex ligament injuries of the knee. Therefore, the knowledge of detailed anatomic (macro- and micro-morphological) characteristics of this ligament is of key importance in therapy. The anatomy, structure, insertions, vascularization and innervations of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee are described from the aspect of modern treatment and rehabilitation methods.