OBJECTIVE: To review and discuss different contraceptive methods currently used by adolescents, and also discuss adolescent pregnancy, including the associated risks and the importance of prenatal care. METHODS: Review of literature and clinical experience with different contraceptive methods and with adolescent pregnancy. RESULTS: The oral contraceptive pill is the most common method used by teenagers due to its low failure rate and other non-contraceptive effects. Emergency contraception is a good option in cases of rape, unplanned sexual intercourse, condom rupture, nonuse of oral contraceptives during short intervals. In this case, the pill should be taken within 72 hours after the intercourse (preferably before 24 hours for best effect). Most problems related to adolescent pregnancy have a social or economic origin; however, some medical complications such as preterm labor and anemia are frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS: The use of male and female condoms combined with other contraceptive methods should be encouraged to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. If pregnancy is confirmed, prenatal care must be implemented as soon as possible in order to minimize the risks of complication and to allow for an effective multidisciplinary approach.