OBJECTIVE: The present article reviews the methods and criteria used to assess risk behavior in adolescents. METHODS: Non-systematic review of scientific literature, as well as the assessment of the clinical and research experience accumulated by the Adolescent Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. RESULTS: Physicians can apply a comprehensive healthcare model by using a psychosocial approach, trying to understand the influence the media exerts on adolescents, and trying to establish a confidentiality relationship with them. The major factors that should be evaluated regarding risk behavior among adolescents include clinical and nutritional aspects, as well as sexuality, violence, mental health and alcohol and drug use issues. CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers should use their sensitivity and expertise, in addition to establishing ethically clear approaches to evaluate risk factors. The authors suggest a route of investigation of risk behavior that should be used in routine consultation.